{"id":2143,"date":"2025-09-21T19:19:52","date_gmt":"2025-09-21T17:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143"},"modified":"2025-09-21T19:19:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T17:19:53","slug":"desigualtats-en-el-flux-monetari-a-lestat-espanyol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143","title":{"rendered":"Desigualtats en el flux monetari a l&#8217;estat espanyol"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143\/#Introduccio\" >Introducci\u00f3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143\/#Objectiu\" >Objectiu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143\/#Metodes\" >M\u00e8todes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/?p=2143\/#Resultats\" >Resultats<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduccio\"><\/span>Introducci\u00f3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El m\u00e8tode del flux monetari \u00e9s un dels m\u00e8todes que serveixen per calcular la balan\u00e7a fiscal, \u00e9s a dir, con\u00e8ixer la difer\u00e8ncia entre la despesa efectuada pel sector p\u00fablic estatal en un territori i el volum d&#8217;ingressos fiscals que es generen en aquest territori, en forma de despesa p\u00fablica o transfer\u00e8ncies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El m\u00e8tode del flux monetari indica l&#8217;aportaci\u00f3 neta que un territori fa a l&#8217;Estat i per calcular-lo es t\u00e9 en compte la inversi\u00f3 i la despesa en el mateix territori.  El m\u00e8tode del flux monetari \u00e9s un dels dos que estan reconeguts acad\u00e8micament, juntament amb el m\u00e8tode de la c\u00e0rrega de benefici.<br>https:\/\/n9.cl\/2ymvs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El 18 de setembre d&#8217;enguany el Departament de Premsa de la Generalitat de Catalunya va publicar que d\u2019acord amb el m\u00e8tode del flux-monetari, el saldo negatiu havia arribat  a 20.772 milions de \u20ac  el 2020 i a 21.982  milions de \u20ac   el 2021, un m\u00e0xim hist\u00f2ric, que representaven un 9,8% i un 9,6% sobre el PIB, respectivament. En aquests dos exercicis, Catalunya havia aportar m\u00e9s del 19,3% i el 19,2% dels ingressos de l\u2019Estat, respectivament, mentre que la despesa de l\u2019administraci\u00f3 central a Catalunya havia estat  el 13,7% i el 13,6%.<br>https:\/\/n9.cl\/ibhpw<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectiu\"><\/span>Objectiu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Observar com es distribueixen en el territori espanyo les diferencies entre renda bruta mitjana i renda neta mitjana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metodes\"><\/span>M\u00e8todes <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La font de les dades \u00e9s  l&#8217;Institut Nacional d&#8217;Estad\u00edstica (INE). Des de 2015  registra informaci\u00f3 sociodemogr\u00e0fica per secci\u00f3 i districte censal de cada ajuntament a l&#8217; \u00ab<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-medium-gray-color\">Atlas de distribuci\u00f3n de renta de los hogares<\/mark><\/strong>\u00ab. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De les dades disponibles, de l&#8217;any <em>2021<\/em> s&#8217;han seleccionat dues variables:<br>1.- Renda bruta mitjana per persona<br>2.- Renda neta mitjana per persona<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi han dades de 8.117 de 8.131 municipis espanyols, els 14 restants sense dades tots tenen menys de 100 habitants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S&#8217;ha definit una nova variables,  que es defineix com <strong>Impostos<\/strong>, resultat de restar la renda neta mitjana per persona  de la renda bruta mitjana per persona. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S&#8217;han observat les distribucions de les variables i calculat les correlacions entre elles. Tamb\u00e9 s&#8217;han calculat els residuals de la regressi\u00f3 dels Impostos sobre la renta neta mitjana per persona. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al no ser normal la distribuci\u00f3 de les variables, a l&#8217;hora d&#8217;agrupar les dades per prov\u00edncies s&#8217;han escollit les medianes per representar les mesures de tend\u00e8ncia central.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Tamb\u00e9 de l&#8217;INE s&#8217;ha obtingut les dades del producte  interior brut, en aquest cas  per prov\u00edncies, de l&#8217;\u00faltim any publicat que correspon al <strong>2021<\/strong>. \u00ab<strong>Contabilidad Regional de Espa\u00f1a\u00bb. S\u00e8rie 2016-2022.<\/strong> https:\/\/n9.cl\/r4n9bm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resultats\"><\/span>Resultats<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distribuci\u00f3 de les rendes es caracteritza per una llarga cua cap a la dreta, alimentada pels pocs que cobren molt.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>awdsfdw<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>weffw <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00ednim Mediana M\u00e0xim RBMPP 7.894 14.756 38.699 RNMPP 5.343 12.670 29.639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>                               M\u00ednim       Mediana      M\u00e0xim<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Renda bruta mitjana per persona (\u20ac)    7.894                14.756              38.699<br>Renda bruta mitjana per persona  (\u20ac)   5.343                12.670              29.639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/MU2Qj\/3\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Ti4g0\/4\/\" title=\"Renda bruta mitjana per persona\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-Ti4g0\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Ti4g0\/6\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"384\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les dues s&#8217;assemblen i, com no podia ser d&#8217;altre manera, estan molt correlacionades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/AjTRm\/2\/\" title=\"Relaci\u00f3 entre renda bruta i renda neta\" aria-label=\"scatter plot\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-AjTRm\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/AjTRm\/3\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot i la quasi correlaci\u00f3 perfecte entre rendes, hi ha un 2,2 % que no es pot explicar.  Alguns pocs municipis s&#8217;aparten prou del comportament esperat. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La primera aproximaci\u00f3 a les dades \u00e9s per mostrar el desequilibri territorial del PIB i de la renda en Espanya. Mentre que el quadrant sud-occidental engloba les prov\u00edncies amb menys PIB , el quadrant nord-oriental hi han les que tenen els  PIB m\u00e9s alts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/dBNhi\/1\/\" title=\"Distribuci\u00f3 en quintils de la renda neta mitjana per persona\" aria-label=\"vis-d3-maps \/ Choropleth map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-dBNhi\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/dBNhi\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"475\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/HezT4\/1\/\" title=\"Quintils de la renda bruta mitjana per persona\" aria-label=\"vis-d3-maps \/ Choropleth map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-HezT4\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/HezT4\/4\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"475\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es pot comprovar que la renda bruta mitjana per persona <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/iC0Q7\/1\/\" title=\"Relaci\u00f3 entre Renda bruta mitjana per persona i PIB.\" aria-label=\"scatter plot\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-iC0Q7\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/iC0Q7\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fok es <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distribuci\u00f3 dels dos tipus de rendes repeteixen un patr\u00f3 com\u00fa caracteritzat per una distribuci\u00f3  amb una llarga cua per la dreta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong>renda neta<\/strong> es calcula deduint dels ingressos bruts (<strong>renda bruta<\/strong>) els impostos i altres pagaments obligatoris, com ara l&#8217;IRPF, les quotes de la Seguretat Social, les quotes de les mutualitats de previsi\u00f3 social, ets, que anomenarem globalment com \u201cimpostos\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La difer\u00e8ncia entre ambdues rentes ens dona els impostos,  que en part ressegueixen la  distribuci\u00f3 de les rendes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/fNRmj\/2\/\" title=\"Distribuci\u00f3 provincial en quintils de la difer\u00e8ncia entre renda bruta i neta (impostos) mitjana per persona\" aria-label=\"vis-d3-maps \/ Choropleth map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-fNRmj\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/fNRmj\/4\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"501\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En aquesta primera gr\u00e0fica es mostra la estreta relaci\u00f3 entre ambd\u00f3s rentes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La difer\u00e8ncia entre renda bruta i renda neta \u00e9s el que a cada persona aporta a les administracions en forma d&#8217;<strong>impostos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La relaci\u00f3 entre la renda bruta mitjana per persona i els impostos hauria de ser quasi lineal si a un mateix nivell de renda bruta se li rest\u00e9s sempre la mateixa proporci\u00f3. Tot i que l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 gr\u00e0fica mostra una correlaci\u00f3 positiva molt forta, aquesta mostra que per un mateix nivell de renda bruta els impostos poden ser for\u00e7a diferents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/TjXzu\/2\/\" title=\"Impostos i\u00a0 Renda neta mitjana per persona\" aria-label=\"scatter plot\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-TjXzu\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/TjXzu\/2\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La diferencia entre cada valor observat i el corresponent al de la recta de regressi\u00f3  \u00e9s el que s&#8217;anomena residual. Aix\u00ed aquest valor, que pot ser positiu o negatiu  segons si est\u00e0 per damunt o per sota d&#8217;aquesta mitjana i en quina quantitat.  Per tant els situats per sobre estarien tenint m\u00e9s despeses que la mitjana i els que estan per sota tindrien menys despeses que la mitjana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una recta de regressi\u00f3 \u00e9s una l\u00ednia recta que s&#8217;ajusta a un conjunt de dades per mostrar la relaci\u00f3 entre dues variables. Rep el nom de Residus la difer\u00e8ncia entre el valor real observat i el valor te\u00f2ric associat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"472\" src=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-1.png 525w, https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-1-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abans mostrem que la distribuci\u00f3 dels residuals dels impostos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Bt1Ad\/2\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per\u00f2 abans, ja que hom podria suposar una relaci\u00f3 positiva entre la renda bruta mitjana i la desviaci\u00f3 a la mitjana dels residuals de la despesa, es a dir que els que m\u00e9s cobren m\u00e9s despeses tenen, s&#8217;han relacionat aquestes dues variables i tot i que hi ha una correlaci\u00f3 significativa , R2 = 0,057, p &lt; 0,0001, observem que la renta bruta nomes prediu el 5,7% dels residuals de la despesa. Veiem abans que la renda bruta predeia el 87,1% de la despesa. Aix\u00ed doncs, podem dir que que els residuals de la despesa s\u00f3n en gran part for\u00e7a independents de la renda bruta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/j6DfH\/1\/\" title=\"Renda bruta mitjana per persona i residuals dels impostos\" aria-label=\"scatter plot\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-j6DfH\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/j6DfH\/3\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El seg\u00fcent i definitiu pas \u00e9s constatar si els residuals dels impostos per persona  es distribueixen de forma aleat\u00f2ria  per tots els municipis espanyols. Per veure globalment com es distribueixen  per cada Comunitat Aut\u00f2noma s&#8217;han agregat els valors de tots els ajuntaments que li corresponen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El que veiem s\u00f3n unes Comunitats Aut\u00f2nomes on la despesa ha estat propera  als valors previstos i per tant les seves desviacions estan properes a cero, mentre que altres presenten desviacions negatives i per tant les seves despeses han estat per sota del previst i finalment tenim les que la despesa ha estat per sobre de l&#8217;esperat.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/itG5S\/1\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Altre forma d&#8217;expressar el mateix \u00e9s calculant el percentatge que representa la suma de residuals de les despeses per cada CCAA respecte a la suma total.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">INE Atlas de distribuci\u00f3n de renta de los hogares. A\u00f1o 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/nVqeG\/1\/\" title=\"Distribuci\u00f3 provincial en quintils dels residuals dels impostos\" aria-label=\"vis-d3-maps \/ Choropleth map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-nVqeG\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/nVqeG\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"501\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">erfQ<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-datawrapper wp-block-embed-datawrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/QXA0l\/1\/\" title=\"Relaci\u00f3 dels residuals dels imports per persona\" aria-label=\"table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-QXA0l\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/QXA0l\/1\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"598\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";r.style.height=d}}})}();<\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per tal de <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introducci\u00f3 El m\u00e8tode del flux monetari \u00e9s un dels m\u00e8todes que serveixen per calcular la balan\u00e7a fiscal, \u00e9s a dir, con\u00e8ixer la difer\u00e8ncia entre la despesa efectuada pel sector p\u00fablic estatal en un territori i el volum d&#8217;ingressos fiscals que es generen en aquest territori, en forma de despesa p\u00fablica o transfer\u00e8ncies. El m\u00e8tode del [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2143"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2652,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2143\/revisions\/2652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belluguet.cat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}